La diabetes mellitus en el contexto de la COVID-19

Carlos Enrique Medina Campaña, Elizabeth Hernández González

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Resumen

Introducción: una alta prevalencia de la diabetes mellitus representa un desafío durante la pandemia de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 o COVID-19. La diabetes mellitus constituye un importante factor de riesgo de complicaciones en pacientes con COVID-19.

Objetivo: describir las características clínicas, epidemiológicas y moleculares; así como opciones de tratamiento en los pacientes con COVID-19 y diabetes mellitus.

Método: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en artículos publicados en revistas biomédicas revisadas por pares hasta junio de 2020. Se revisaron las bases de datos SciELO y PubMed. Los términos de búsqueda incluyeron diabetes mellitus, coronavirus infection, y su traducción al español «diabetes mellitus», «infección por coronavirus».

Desarrollo: La COVID-19 y los pacientes diabéticos pueden estar predispuestos a una disfunción inmunológica que resulta en una enfermedad tardía severa. La mayoría de los pacientes con infección leve pueden continuar con los medicamentos anti-hiperglucémicos habituales. El resultado del uso de corticoesteroides aún no está claro. Existen preocupaciones de seguridad con respecto al tratamiento con cloroquina/hidroxicloroquina, en relación con su función hipoglucémica y demás efectos adversos.

Conclusiones: los mecanismos moleculares fisiopatológicos entre la COVID-19 y la diabetes mellitus todavía no están del todo dilucidados. El mal pronóstico que se observa en pacientes con ambas enfermedades requiere la creación de nuevos protocolos de tratamiento.

Palabras clave

Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus; Infeción por Coronavirus; SARS-Cov-2

Referencias

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