Immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection
Keywords:
Disease, Coronavirus infections, Immunopathology, Immunity, Pandemic, Immune response.Abstract
Introduction: the daily increase of cases and deaths, the economic losses in the millions suffered by the affected nations and the consequent exhaustion of human resources involved in the reversal of this situation have made the COVID-19 pandemic an unprecedented international challenge.
Objective: to describe the orchestrated immune response following SARS-CoV-2 virus infection.
Methods: an updated bibliometric study was carried out on the type of articles stated in the objective, for which a total of 30 bibliographies were used. Documentary review and analysis-synthesis methods were used to prepare the final report. Resources available in the Infomed network were used to select the information, specifically: PubMed and SciELo, through the databases: Medline, Search Premier and Scopus.
Development: the core elements in the immunopathology of COVID-19 involve innate immunity, with the sustained increase of proinflammatory interleukins associated with failures in the interferon system, which can trigger a potentially fatal cytokine storm. As for the elements linked to adaptive immunity, a marked lymphopenia is evident, which depending on the degree may indicate the severity of the disease.
Conclusions: understanding the orchestrated immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as its temporal sequence allows choosing timely and effective therapies, specifically when selecting anti-inflammatory drugs and the moment of their application; since it is difficult to determine when they will be clearly beneficial, that they do not harm the response and that it is not too late, given the irreversibility of the process.
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