Complications of conventional and laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with acute cholecystitis

Abstract

Introduction: Acute cholecystitis is one of the acute abdominal conditions most frequently seen in emergency medical services. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been imposed over conventional cholecystectomy due to the multiple benefits it brings to the patient, however, it is not free of complications, therefore it is important to identify the behavior of these variables in our environment, as a starting point for its use in the surgical method of treatment used for this disease. Objective: to identify the complications of conventional and laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with Acute Cholecystitis. Methods: cross-sectional, quantitative descriptive study in patients undergoing cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis in the General Surgery Department of the Hospital Universitario General Calixto García, between December 2019 and December 2021. Results: In both groups, the female sex predominated with 118 (61.4 %) and 94 (66.7 %) patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The most common intraoperative complications were bile duct injury (G1:3.6 %; G2:5.1 %), hemorrhage in the immediate postoperative period (G1:3.6 %; G2:5.4 %), late Cholangitis in the laparoscopic route (0.9 %) while in the conventional route infections of the surgical wound predominated (3.9 %). Conclusions: bile duct injuries were more common intraoperatively. In the immediate postoperative period, hemorrhage and later, Cholangitis and Surgical Wound Infection in the laparoscopic and conventional routes respectively. The effectiveness of the laparoscopic approach over the conventional approach is confirmed.